常用学龄前儿童视力表检查概述

Review on visual acuity charts for preschool children

学龄前期是儿童视力发育的重要阶段，视觉问题会影响儿童的正常视觉发育，降低儿童的生活质量和日常活动能力，所以对学龄前儿童进行视力检查十分必要。视力表检查作为一种重要的视功能检查方法，可以用来早期筛查儿童的眼病。临床上用于3～6岁学龄前儿童视力检查的视力表种类众多，包括E字形视力表、字母视力表和图形视力表等。本文介绍了视力表的设计原理及常用视标类型，列举了几种常用于检查儿童视力的视力表，包括国际标准视力表、标准对数视力表、Snellen视力表、ETDRS视力表、HOTV视力表和Lea Symbols视力表等，并分析了几种视力表在学龄前儿童中的比较研究。根据儿童的年龄、视力发育规律、检查配合程度以及临床需要来选择合适的视力表检查方法能早期发现各种视觉障碍并实施早期干预，提高儿童眼病的防治水平。

The preschool age is an important stage for the development of children＇s vision. Visual problems can affect visual development of children, so it is necessary for preschool children to have vision examination. As an important method of preschool vision screening, visual acuity charts can be used for early screening of eye diseases in children, The benefits of screening before school entry have been demonstrated in practice. There are many kinds of visual acuity charts that can be used to test the vision acuity of preschool children aged 3 to 6 years. This review introduced the design of visual acuity charts and lists several types of charts for screening of preschool children. Simultaneously,we have analyzed a number of papers that compared preschool vision screening methods. The vision examination on children aged 3 to 6 years was necessary to discover various visual impairments. Choosing an aoorooriate visual acuity chart is the focus of low vision rehabilitation research.