复杂山区高分辨率地震采集分析与应用-以四川盆地及周缘地区为例

High-resolution seismic acquisition analysis and applied in the complex mountainous regions:An example from Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas

震源药柱激发因素选择是影响地震资料品质的一个重要环节,在南方复杂山区高分辨率地震采集中合理选择激发岩性、井深、药量等激发因素尤为重要.本文根据复杂山区地震地质条件多样性、复杂性等特点,从理论上分析了地震激发机理、井深、药量、虚反射效应、岩性与药柱长度等对激发子波的影响,开展了基于适应近地表结构特征的动态井深设计、双微测井和综合表层结构调查(微测井和高密度电法联合)等,结合四川盆地及周缘等地区不同地震地质条件下进行了采集试验研究,获得了高品质单炮记录.

Excitation factors of columnar explosive source are an important factor affecting the quality of seismic data. The choice of reasonable excitation factors is especially significant in the complex mountainous region of southern China. Factors include the lithology, well depth and quantity of explosive used. Based on the geological characteristics in this region, theoretical analyses are described of factors that affect the excitation wavelet, in terms of the seismic excitation mechanism, well depth, mass and dimensions of the columnar explosive charge, the virtual reflection effect and lithology of the investigated region, combined with field experimental tests in different geological conditions in the Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas. The testsincorporated dynamic well-depth design and adaptations to near-surface structural characteristics, based on double micro-logging （joint micro-logging and high-density electromagnetics） and comprehensive surface investigation surveys