叶喷γ-氨基丁酸对小麦产量和品质的影响

Effect of Foliar Application of γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Yield and Quality of Wheat

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)是一种参与控制细胞伸长、茎和花粉管的生长及抗氧化胁迫的非蛋白质氨基酸。以小麦品种"济麦22"为材料,于拔节期、开花期和灌浆前期叶面喷施GABA,研究GABA对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,100 mg/L GABA处理,小麦穗粒数和产量分别比对照增加了7.2%和4.4%;GABA处理能增加小麦籽粒中K、P、Ca、Fe、Mn和Zn等元素含量。此外,GABA处理能提高小麦籽粒中总淀粉和支链淀粉含量,降低直链淀粉含量;总蛋白含量没有明显变化,但增加了清蛋白和谷蛋白含量,降低了醇溶蛋白含量,从而改变面粉的流变学特性。结果表明外源喷施GABA能够提高小麦籽粒的品质,为大田环境下改善小麦品质提供参考。

γ- aminobutyric acid （GABA） is a non - protein amino acid involved in the control of cell elongation, stem and pollen tube growth, and protection against oxidative stress. The wheat cultivar （ Triticum aestivum L. Jimai 22 ）is adopted as material, treat the plants at the heading, flowering, and early grain -filling stages with different concentrations of GABA and the effects of GABA on yield and quality were analyzed. Compared with the controlled plants, the kernels per ear（KPE） and grain yield treated with 100 mg/L GABA were increased by 7.2% and 4.4% , respectively. GABA application also increased the levels of minerals including potassium （K）, phosphorus （P）, calcium（Ca）, iron（Fe）, manganese （Mn）, and zinc （Zn）. Moreover, exogenous GABA supply elevated the levels of total starch and amylopectin and decreased that of amylase. In addition, GABA addition had no effect on the grain protein concentration, but increased the levels of albumin and decreased that of glutenin, which affecting the rheological properties of flour. In summary, exogenous application of GABA improves wheat grain quality. This finding provided a beneficial reference for improving wheat grain quality in the field.