“缘督以为经”与“养生”的哲学——以《庄子·养生主》首章为中心

Philosophy of “Pursuing a Middle Course as One's Principle” and “Regimen”——A Case Study of the First Chapter in Chuang Tzu·Regimen

《养生主》是庄子内篇的重要篇章,它探讨养生的要义。然而"养生主"这一表达具有多重含义:(1)养生为主,即"主养生";(2)"养生"之"主",即养生的主要方面;(3)养"生之主",所养的是生的主要方面。这些不同的取向,规定了"养生主"丰富而深刻的内涵。庄子养生哲学的根本原则是"缘督以为经",即所谓顺中以为常,聚焦于善与恶、刑与名之间的几微虚空,它实质上是一种人与天之间的"边界体验"。养生的哲学展开为保身、全生、养亲、尽年四重连续的整体性效应,最终指向生命意义的当下充实。

Regimen is an important part of ＂inner＂ chapters of Chuang Tzu and it discusses the essence of health cultivation. ＂Regimen essential＂ is a multi-meaning concept, firstly, health cultivation is the basic principle; secondly, health cultivation is the main part of life; thirdly, what preserves is the main part of health cultivation. The different orientations determine the rich and in-depth connotation of ＂regimen essential＂. The basic principle of Chuang Tzu＇s philosophy of ＂regimen＂ is ＂pursuing a middle course as one＇s principle＂, namely, if one always keeps to the proper way, he will be able to keep a good health, preserve his nature, fulfill his duties of supporting parents and live out his life-span.