《黑格尔法哲学批判》中马克思对抽象人格的批判

Marx's Critique of Abstract Personality in Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right

马克思以费尔巴哈"现实的人"为出发点对黑格尔法哲学展开了批判,其宗旨是要揭露现代政治中的"具有非神圣形象的自我异化"。这里所说的"形象"实质上是指抽象人格,其抽象性在于从人的现实中抽象掉了人对彼此感性存在的需要。这种揭露必然要求追溯这一抽象性的根源,进而引发对异化之根源以及扬弃异化之可能性的探究。由于费尔巴哈仅仅把"宗教世界归结于它的世俗基础",而无法把握"世俗基础的自我分裂和自我矛盾",所以他对人之现实性的领会不足以支撑马克思完成这一任务。在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中,马克思将这种抽象性的实质揭示为现代私有财产关系的抽象性,从而成为《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中追溯私有财产根源的先声。

The purpose of Marx＇s Critique of Hegel＇s the starting point, is to expose the ＂self-estrangement in its Philosophy of Right, taking Feuerbach＇s ＂realistic man＂ as unholy form＂ in modern politics. The ＂self-estrangement in its unholy form＂ here substantially refers to the abstract personality which abstracts the human needs for mutual sensuous existenee from human reality. The exposure inevitably requires tracing the origin of the abstraction and further inquiring into the origin of alienation and the possibility of transcending alienation. Feuerbach is only ＂dissolving the religious world into its seeular basis＂ and cannot understand ＂self-diremption and self-contradiction in the secular basis＂, so his understanding of the reality cannot support Marx to finish the task. Marx reveals the essence of abstraction as the abstraction of modern private property in Critique of Hegel＇s Philosophy of Right, which turns to the prelude of tracing the origin of private property in Marx＇s Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844.