文人结社在文学流派发展中的作用——以明代为考察中心

The Role of Scholars' Association in the Development of Literary Schools——A Case Study of Ming Dynasty

文人结社在文学流派的发展过程中起着积极的推动作用。结社活动刺激着作家的创作热情,催生出大量文学作品。社事主盟者往往成为流派领袖,引领流派发展,扩大流派影响和传播流派理论。一些流派在结社活动中逐步形成自己的文学理论,并运用各种方式来宣扬和维护本派的文学主张。流派的诞生与衰亡常常依附于结社的形成与解散,有的是一派多社,有的是一派一社。流派林立与结社风行同时出现在明代,说明两者之间存在着一定联系,通过考察明代文人结社与文学流派的关系,对于探讨结社在流派发展中的作用非常具有典型性,对于中国古代乃至近现代文学流派的研究都有着普适意义。

Scholars＇ association played an active role in the development of literary schools. The associations＇ activities stimulated the writers＇ creative enthusiasm and also helped them to create a large number of literary works. The organizer of associations often became the leader of a literary school, who not only guided the schools＇ development, expanded its influence, but also spread its theory. Some schools gradually formed their own literary theories in their association activities, and they promoted and maintained their literary views in various ways. The birth and death of the schools were often tied to the formation and dissolution of the associations. One school may have many associations, or one association may have one school. The appearance of the literary schools and associations at the same time in Ming Dynasty indicated that there was certain relationship between them. The relationship between the associations and literary schools in Ming Dynasty was rather typical, and it is significant to the studies of literary schools in ancient and the modern China.