“一带一路”国家非物质文化遗产清单编制策略——以保加利亚社区文化中心为个案

Inventory-Making Strategies for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Countries along the “One Belt and One Road”:Taking Bulgarian Chitalishte as a Case Study

联合国教科文组织认为,社区自己创建和管理的社区中心和协会能够在非物质文化遗产保护,包括非物质文化遗产清单编制中发挥至关重要的作用。本文以加入"一带一路"倡议的国家保加利亚为个案,围绕"社区文化中心"(Chitalishte)这一由来已久的在地化民间文化传承机制,分析其在当下发挥自身"独立""自我管理"和"志愿主义"的特征与优势;进而讨论这类中心在非遗清单编制中坚持以社区成员为主体的参与原则,而这正体现了2003年公约的宗旨。从长远看,维系相似的文化传承与保护机制的关键在于如何有效整合当地社区的各类资源,并留住和吸引青壮年人口。

According to UNESCO, community centers and associations, that are created and managed by communi- ties themselves,can play a vital role in supporting to safeguard intangible cultural heritage （ICH）,including the inventory making of ICH. This article chooses Bulgaria,which has accepted the ＂One Belt and One Road＂propos- al, as a case study to analyze the role of Bulgarian chitalishte （Community Cultural Centre）, a traditional and local mechanism of folk culture transmission. Taking advantage of its characteristics like independence, auto-manage- ment and voluntarism,Chitalishte meets the principal of participation of community members as a subject,and well reflects the objectives of the 2003 Convention. From a long-term perspective,the key factor for maintaining similar mechanism of cultural transmission and safeguarding lie s in how to integrate effectively the resources of local community and to keep, and even to attract the young generation.