单粒谷物体积排液法精确测量研究

Accurate Measurement of Single Grain Volume Draining Method

为解决现有比重瓶法测量谷物体积时操作复杂、工作量大、有毒等问题,进行单粒谷物体积排液法精确测量研究,结合图像处理技术和体积排液原理,提出一种单粒谷物体积排液法。该测量装置主要由标准白光光源、高精度线阵CCD相机、测量容器、谷物专用盛放装置、计算机等构成。该测量方法首先调节标准白光光源,增强图像采集环境,进行体积标定,计算单个像素点代表的实际体积V0约为0.002 3 mL;其次,使用高精度线阵CCD相机采集体积排液过程中测量容器内的液位图像;最后,运用差值法提取液位变化部分的图像,统计该部分图像所包含像素点个数,结合体积标定结果,计算体积。对同一批谷物分别使用单粒谷物体积排液法和比重瓶法测量每粒谷物体积,得到两组体积数据,单粒谷物体积排液法用时12 min,比重瓶法用时124 min。对两组数据分别使用格鲁布斯检验(T_A、T_B)、F检验(F_(AB))以及t检验(t_(AB))进行显著性差异检验,并将3种检验值与各自分布表中查得的临界值相比较:(T_A、T_B)<T_(0.05,100)、F_(AB)<F_(0.025(99,99))、t_(AB)<t_(0.05,198),均符合检验要求。结果表明:两组体积数据不存在显著性差异,单粒谷物体积排液法测量装置和方法能够快速、精确、无毒测量单粒不规则谷物体积,为科学研究和实际生产提供可靠的谷物体积数据。

In order to solve the problems of complex operation,heavy workload and toxic when measuring the grain volume by the existing pycnometer method,the research on accurate measurement of single grain volume draining method was carried out. Combining the image processing technology and the volumetric principle of the liquid draining method,the device was mainly composed of a standard white light source,a linear CCD,a measuring container,a cereal dedicated holding device,a computer and the like. Firstly,the standard white light source was adjusted,the image acquisition environment was enhanced,volume calibration was performed,and the actual volume value V_0 was calculated,which was about 0. 002 3 mL represented by a single pixel. Secondly,the liquid level image of measuring vessel was aquired by high accuracy linear CCD camera. Finally,the difference method was used to extract the image of the liquid level change; the number of pixels contained in this part of the image was counted,combining with the volume calibration results to calculate the volume value. Volume draining method and pycnometer method were used for the same batch of cereals respectively. Two sets of volume data were then obtained. Volumetric discharge took 12 min,and pycnometer method took 124 min. The two groups of data were tested by using the Grubbs test,F test and t test for significant differences tests,and the calculated test values were（ T_A,T_B）,F_（AB）,t_（AB）. The values were compared with the critical value of theirdistribution table：（ TA,TB） 〈T0. 05,100,FAB〈 F0. 025（ 99,99））,t_（AB） t_（0. 05,198）,and all of which met the inspection requirements. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two sets of volume data. The accurate measuring device and method of volumetric discharge of single grain can quickly and precisely measure the volume of irregular single grain,and provide reliable grain volume for scientific research and actual production data.