帆布带式马铃薯挖掘-残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Canvas Belt Combined Operation Machine for Potato Digging and Plastic Film Collecting

为解决西北旱区大面积推广马铃薯大垄双行覆膜栽培模式所造成的田间残膜污染问题,设计了帆布带式马铃薯挖掘-残膜回收联合作业机,实现了马铃薯挖掘收获与残膜回收的一体化作业。通过对样机防缠绕装置、帆布带式送膜装置及浮动卷膜装置关键工作参数进行计算分析,确定影响联合回收机残膜回收率的相关试验因素及其取值范围。依照Box-Behnken试验设计原理,采用四因素三水平响应面分析方法,建立了作业机前进速度、卷膜驱动辊转速、输膜轴转速和输膜板倾角与残膜回收率之间的数学模型,并对各因素及其交互作用进行分析。试验结果表明:4个因素对残膜回收率影响的主次顺序为:卷膜驱动辊转速、作业机前进速度、输膜轴转速和输膜板倾角;联合回收机最佳工作参数为:作业机前进速度0.72 m/s、卷膜驱动辊转速303 r/min、输膜轴转速499 r/min、输膜板倾角29°。验证试验表明,联合回收机残膜回收率均值为92.1%,较优化前有明显提升;同时在此工作参数条件下,作业机明薯率为96.6%、伤薯率为2.2%,各项作业指标均达到国家和行业标准要求。

According to the problems of field plastic film pollution with film mulching of double rows on a big ridge cultivation pattern of potato in northwest arid area of China,the canvas belt combined operation machine for potato harvesting and plastic film collecting was designed, which had synchronous implementation function of potato harvesting and plastic film collecting. Based on design and calculation analysis of key operation parts for prototype,the operation parameters of anti-twining device,canvas belt transporting film device and floating curl-up film mechanism were determined. The related experimental factors and their range of values were determined which affected the plastic film collecting ratio of the combined recovery machine. The Box-Behnken experimental design with four factors and three levels was performed,the mathematical models between the key parameters such as operation machine speed,filmcurling driving roller rotating speed,transporting film axis rotating speed,transporting film sheet dip angle and plastic film collecting ratio were established,and then the effects of various parameters and their interactions were analyzed as well. The test results showed that effects order of four parameters on the plastic film collecting ratio were as follows： film-curling driving roller rotating speed,operation machine speed,transporting film axis rotating speed and transporting film sheet dip angle. The optimal working parameters were combined operation machine speed of 0. 72 m/s,film-curling driving roller rotating speed of 303 r/min,transporting film axis rotating speed of 499 r/min and transporting film sheet dip angle of 29°. Confirmatory tests showed that the average value of the plastic film collecting ratio was 92. 1%,compared with before the optimization it was dropped significantly. At the same time,under the operating parameters the obvious ratio of potato was 96. 6% and the injury ratio of potato was 2. 2%,which were up to the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements.