调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米植株与土壤水分及节水增产效应

Effects of Soil Water,Plant,Water Saving and Yield Increasing of Maize under Regulated Deficit Drip Irrigation

以玉米为研究对象,进行测坑微区试验,研究了地面滴灌条件下调亏灌溉对玉米植株与土壤水分分布、根长、根长密度、根数、产量以及作物水分利用效率的影响。试验于2016年分别设苗期轻度、苗期中度、拔节期轻度、拔节期中度、苗期中度拔节期轻度5个水分亏缺处理,另设全生育期适宜灌水作为对照。结果表明,各调亏处理的玉米冠部最终湿基含水率比对照处理增加-6.03%~4.61%、根部最终湿基含水率比对照处理增加1.30%~8.15%;苗期轻度调亏处理,产量比对照处理降低了7.89%、较对照处理节水8.26%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高0.33%;苗期中度调亏处理,产量比对照处理增加了5.20%、较对照处理节水16.71%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高26.25%;拔节期轻度调亏处理,产量较对照处理增加了1.49%、较对照处理节水14.07%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高18.27%;拔节期中度调亏处理,产量比对照处理降低了23.47%、较对照处理节水28.35%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高6.64%;苗期中度拔节期轻度调亏处理,产量比对照处理降低了28.13%、较对照处理节水38.54%、水分利用效率较对照处理提高16.94%。苗期中度处理与拔节期轻度处理是促进滴灌玉米节水增产的适宜水分亏缺处理,其结果对指导黑龙江西部玉米制定合理的灌溉制度具有实质性意义。

Regulated deficit irrigation is through active exerting a certain degree of water stress artificially,exercising the crop drought resistance,affecting their physiological and biochemical process,in order to achieve the goal of saving water and increasing production. Taking maize as research object,the experiment was carried out in micro test pit area,and the influences on soil water distribution,root length,root length,root number,yield and crop water utilization efficiency were studied under drip irrigation on ground. Five different treatments（ C1,C2,C3,C4 and C5） were set,which were slight and moderate regulated deficit in seeding and jointing stage,separately,and moderate regulated deficit in seeding stage while slight regulated deficit in jointing stage in 2016,and the whole growth period with suitable irrigation（ CK） was set as control treatment. The result showed that the final water content of filtration cake in the crown of the maize was increased by-6. 03% ~ 4. 61% and 1. 30% ~ 8. 15% in the root. At the same time,the yield of C1,C4 and C5 was decreased by 7. 89%,23. 47% and28. 13%,respectively,while that of C2 and C3 was increased by 5. 20% and 1. 49%,respectively,water use efficiency was improved by 0. 33%,26. 25%,18. 27%,6. 64% and 16. 94%,respectively,and five treatments saved 8. 26%,16. 71%,14. 07%,28. 35% and 38. 54% of water,respectively. The moderate treatment in seeding stage and the mild treatment in jointing stage were the appropriate waterdeficit treatments for maize under drip irrigation in water saving and production increasing. The result was of practical significance to guide the establishment of reasonable irrigation system for maize in western area of Heilongjiang Province.