熔融沉积式3D打印路径优化算法研究

Path Optimization Algorithm of 3D Printing Based on Fused Deposition Modeling

针对目前3D打印加工耗时长、生产效率低的特点,提出一种熔融沉积式3D打印路径优化算法。针对部分零件切片轮廓封闭曲线多的情况,提出一种基于蚁群算法的轮廓路径规划方法,合理规划各轮廓的打印顺序。采用平行扫描对切片截面进行填充,分析扫描线角度对打印效率和打印质量的影响,确定最优扫描线角度,将填充区域进行区域划分,提出了一种基于四点法的区域合并算法,并采用临近法对合并区域打印次序进行优化。运用该算法进行零件打印实验,与传统的平行扫描法比较,3组零件的单层轮廓路径长度分别缩短了19.5%、12.5%、10.7%,打印时间缩短了12.6%、11.6%、8.9%,打印零件的尺寸精度和表面质量均有所提高,结果表明,该算法健壮有效并且打印效率更高。

In view of faults of the current 3D printing technology such as the long processing time and low production efficiency,a path optimization algorithm of 3D printing based on fused deposition modeling was developed. Because the slice contour of some printing parts was comprised of many closed curves,the starting point of each closed curve was determined by the nearest neighbor method and the 3D printing contour path planning was transformed into the trareling salesman problem. A contour path planning algorithm based on ant colony algorithm was developed in order to plan printing sequence of the contour paths reasonably. Parallel scanning method was adopted for filling the slice cross-section. Influence on printing efficiency and quality for different scanning angles was analyzed and optimal scanning angle was selected. The scanning area was divided into different areas and a region merging algorithm based on four-point method was developed. The printing sequence of the different areas was optimized by the nearest neighbor algorithm,which improved the scanning efficiency and molding quality. The experiment of printing parts was done by means of the path optimization algorithm. Compared with the traditional parallel scanning method,single layer contour path scanning lengths of the three parts were decreased by 19. 5%,12. 5% and 10. 7%,the printing time was decreased by 12. 6%,11. 6% and 8. 9% and the dimensional accuracy and surface quality were improved. The result showed that the path optimization algorithm was robust and effective and its efficiency was high.