哲学中的“语言批判”

The Critique of Language in Philosophy

“语言批判”这一哲学概念是由毛特纳提出的,维特根斯坦又对其进行了批评与发展。虽然两者旨趣不同,但可归纳出两个共同点：（1）批判的动因皆出于对语言不能表述真理的失望;（2）批判的目的都是解决（或消解）形而上学问题。本文首先以上述两点为基础定义语言批判,并扩展这一概念。然后,考察语言批判作为一种哲学方法在西方哲学中的运用。最后,发掘中国哲学的语言批判传统,并通过比较中西语言批判的不同方式,探析中西哲学的不同特质。

The critique of language as a philosophical notion was first put forward by Fritz Mauthner and then criticized and developed by Ludwig Wittgenstein. Though it was explained and applied in different ways, common ground can still be found in the follo- wing two aspects ： （ 1 ） the critique results from the failure of language to express the truth ; （2） the critique aims to solve or dis- solve the metaphysical problems. Based on the two points, this paper tries to define the critique of language, and then examines the application of this method in the Western philosophy. The paper also explores the tradition of Chinese philosophy＇s application of this method, and through a comparison of their different ways of application it explains the different features of Chinese and Western philosophies.