论OT语法的初始状态

On the Initial State in OT Grammar

优选论研究界对一语习得的初始语法有3种观点：（1）初始排序为M〉〉F;（2）初始排序为F〉〉M;（3）初始阶段制约条件无排序,其中以前两种观点间的交锋最为激烈。本文分别从理论可学性和实证性的角度回顾和剖析各家观点,确认M〉〉F的主张,并指出对M〉〉F排序最有力的证明来自于实证观测到的儿童语言。为了从超音段习得的角度检验M〉〉F的假说,基于前人研究,本文探讨儿童对汉语普通话声调的习得,结果同样印证M〉〉F的观点。最后,本文进一步讨论关于M〉〉F排序本身的相关问题,并指出未来研究的方向。

There are three different views on the initial state in OT grammar ： （ 1 ） the initial M 〉 〉 F ranking ; （ 2 ） the initial F 〉 〉 M ranking; （3） the unranked initial state. The major debate lies between the first two views. After reviewing the competing views from the perspectives of theoretical learnability and empirical rationality, this paper confirms the initial M 〉 〉 F ranking, and points out that the most convincing evidence for the M 〉 〉 F ranking is the unmarked child languages observed in empirical stu- dies. To further test the M 〉 〉 F hypothesis from the aspect of suprasegmental acquisition, the paper probes into the LI acquisi- tion of Mandarin tones on the basis of previous empirical studies. The results show that tonal acquisition is also in accordance with the M 〉 〉 F initial ranking. Finally, the paper discusses outstanding issues regarding the M 〉 〉 F initial state, and proposes future directions for research.