评价策略分析框架探索——以英语社论语篇为例

An Analytic Framework for the Strategies of Appraisal: The Case of English Editorials

本文力图在前人研究的基础上建立一个评价策略分析框架,以利于在社会交际中选择最适合交际目的的评价资源。根据系统功能语言学的分层模式,在语境层面,文化语境中的体裁和情景语境中的话语基调,通过评价策略中介变量,制约和支配语篇语义层面上的评价资源调用;在宏观维度上,决定评价立场的选择,即通过自言或借言识解的主体性价值立场、主体间对话立场和社区性和盟立场,以及对对话扩展或对话压缩的选择;在微观维度上,决定体裁不同阶段的态度、介入和级差的互动模式的选择。立场性和态度性评价依赖介入的人格化和去人格化、态度的铭刻和引发、级差的语力和聚焦等策略。在词汇语法层面,评价策略通过投射结构、情态语法、及物性模式和评价性词汇等机制体现。通过分析可见,该框架有助于揭示语篇的评价意义在语篇中分布和推进的模式,取得与交际目的相关的修辞效果的方式以及由体裁和语域等语境因素促动和支配的方式。

Based on the previous studies, this paper attempts to construct a framework for the analysis of appraisal strategies to facilitate the appropriate choices of appraisal resources for social communicative purposes. According to the stratified model in systemic functional linguistics, at the stratum of context, genre in the context of culture and tenor in the context of situation regularly deter- mine and control the choices of appraisal resources at the discourse semantic stratum, via the intermediate variable of appraisal strategies. From a macroscopic perspective, they determine the choices of stances in appraisal, that is, subjective value stance, intersubjective stance and alignment stance construed by monoglossia or heteroglossia, and simultaneously by dialogic expansion or dialogic contraction. From a microscopic perspective, they determine the choices of the interactive patterns of attitude, engage- ment and graduation across different generic stages. Stanced and attitudinal appraisals have recourse to the strategies of persona- lized and depersonalized engagement, inscribed and invoked attitude, force and focus of graduation. At the lexicogrammatical stratum, appraisal strategies are realized by the devices of projection structures, modality grammars, transitivity configurations and appraisal lexis. Through the analysis of an editorial, it is found that this analytic framework of appraisal rhetorical strategies contributes to revealing how evaluative meanings are distributed and proceed in certain patterns in the text, how they are used to achieve rhetorical effects, and how they are motivated and controlled by genre in the context of culture and tenor in the context of situation.