钒渣矿物学特征研究

Mineralogical Characteristics of Vanadium Slag

利用X射线粉末衍射分析、光学显微镜、X射线荧光光谱、扫描电镜及能谱等对钒渣的矿物组成、化学成分、有价元素赋存与分布及钒渣矿物结构与构造等进行了研究，目的是为钒渣的高效清洁回收利用提供科学依据。结果表明，钒渣矿物组成较简单，主要由钒铬尖晶石、铁橄榄石、辉石、金属铁以及少量石英组成；钒铬尖晶石结晶颗粒细小，硅酸盐矿物包裹于尖晶石颗粒外，构成粘结相；钒渣中除有价元素Fe、V和Ti外，还含有较高的Cr和Mn元素，其中，元素V、Cr主要赋存于钒铬尖晶石矿物中，而Fe、Ti和Mn元素则在尖晶石及硅酸盐矿物相中均有分布。因此，为达到钒渣中有价元素的高效回收利用，需同时考虑对钒铬尖晶石及硅酸盐矿物的回收利用。

The mineral and chemical compositions, occurrence and distribution of the valuable elements, the structure and tectonics of vanadium slag were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, optical micro- scope, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrum, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for efficient and clean utilization of vanadium slag. It is suggested that the vanadi- um slag is composed of vuorelainenite, fayalite, augite, metallic iron and a small amount of quartz. The crystalline grains of vuorelainenite are fine and encompassed by the silicates,difficult to be separated and enriched physically. The main valuable elements are Fe, V and Ti with considerable Cr and Mn. V and Cr primarily exist in vuorelainenite while Fe, Ti and Mn are distributed both in vuorelainenite and silicates. Hence, to realize an efficient recovery of vanadium slag, simultaneous utilization of vuorelainenite and sili- cates minerals in the slag should be taken into consideration.