浅析核化工厂便于退役的几点设计原则

Analysis of Several Design Principles for Decommission of Nuclear Chemical Plant

一般而言,核化工厂包括核燃料工厂与核燃料循环工厂。国内外同类核设施的退役实践证实了核化工厂退役工程技术难度大,工作复杂并且投资巨大。我国相关审管部门日益关注到核设施退役的重要性,对商用核电站已提出便于核电厂退役的设计和建造要求。本文从厂址的选择、总平面的考虑、纵深防御原则的应用、工艺系统的优化、材料的选择、放射性废物的管理、限制污染扩散以及人流物流的优化等方面,分析了核化工厂便于退役的设计原则的实际应用。

In general, nuclear plants include nuclear fuel plants and nuclear fuel cycle plants. The decommission practice of similar nuclear facilities at home and abroad confirmed the technical difficulty of decommission of nuclear plants, complicated work and huge investment. Relevantly regulatory authorities in our country are increasingly coneerned about the importance of decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Commercial nuclear power stations have proposed to facilitate the decommissioning design and construction of nuclear power plants. This paper analyzes the practical application of design principles by analyzing the feasibility of decommissioning nuclear plants from site selection, general plane considerations, the application of defense-in-depth principles, optimization of process systems, material selection, radioactive waste management, restriction of pollution dispersal and optimization of the flow of logistics.