“301条款”在WTO多边体制外的复苏——基于美国对华贸易调查的法律分析

Section 301's Resurgence outside the WTO Multilateral Legal System: A Legal Study Based of the U. S. -China Trade Investigation

WTO多边法律规则曾有效制约了美国对其贸易法中"301条款"的使用,然而,"301条款"在WTO多边体制之外仍然具有广阔的适用空间。2017年美国就技术转让问题对中国展开调查,"301条款"再次成为美国贸易保护的重要工具。在美国的单方行为不受WTO法律规则约束的情形之下,中国应当积极利用"301条款"本身的磋商程序进行抗辩和沟通,防止美国作出错误的认定。同时,中国应通过中美双边投资协定谈判明确国际技术转让的法律规则。此外,中国还应以WTO争端解决机制作为防御美国单边制裁的重要工具。

WTO multilateral legal system had effectively restricted the use of Section 301 of the U. S. trade law. However,Section 301 still has a broad application space. United States initiated a 301 investigation aiming at problems of technology transfer on China in 2017. Once again,Section 301 becomes the tool of trade protection of United States. The unilateral behavior of United States is out of WTO＇s constraint. Under such circumstances,China should take advantage of the consultation procedure of the Section 301 to rebut and negotiate. Meanwhile,China should also try to establish clear-cut rules of technology transfer through the BIT negotiation. Besides,China needs to use WTO dispute settlement mechanism to defense Unites States＇ unilateral retaliatory measures.