国际视角下我国农地流转风险防范研究

A Study on the Prevention of the Risk Prevention of Agricultural-Land Transfer in China from the International Perspective

农地流转有助于现代农业技术和农业机械的推广,是发展农业现代化的必经之路。农民、规模经营者、基层政府作为农地流转的参与者,为了自己利益最大化展开博弈,导致农地流转中存在农民权益受到侵害、规模经营者风险高、政府公信力下降等风险。国外现代农业发展历程表明,保障农地出租方权益,利用财政金融降低规模经营者的风险,管制土地用途严格保护耕地是预防和化解农地流转风险的有效手段。借鉴国外成功经验,我们可以通过法律保障农户承包经营权,妥善安置失地农民;采取财税金融政策培育新型经营主体,分散规模经营风险;健全农地流转监督机制,防止农地非农化等措施保障农地的有序流转。

The transfer of agricultural land contributes to the popularization of modern agricultural technology and machinery and is the only way of agricultural modernization. Peasants,large-scale managers and local governments,as participants in the transfer of farmland,start the game to maximize their own interests,resulting in the infringement of farmers＇ interests,the high risk of large-scale operators and the decline of government credibility.Foreign countries＇ modern agriculture development shows that the effective means of preventing and resolving the risk in the farmland transfer are protecting the rights and interests of the lessor of farmland,using financial finance to reduce the risk of scale managers,and controlling the use of land strictly to protect the cultivated land. We can learn from the successful experience and protect farmers＇ contractual management rights through law and properly resettle landless peasants. We should take fiscal,taxation and financial policies to cultivate new type of management entities and diversify the risk of scale operation. Also we can improve the orderly transfer of farmland through measures such as supervision over agricultural land transfer.