矿区不同复垦模式下大型土壤动物功能类群及其分布研究——以山西省平朔矿区为例

Research on Functional Groups and Distribution of Soil Macro-Fauna Communities of Different Reclamation Modes in Mining Area: A Case Study on Pingshuo Mining Area, Shanxi Province

研究目的:研究矿区不同土地复垦模式下大型土壤动物的功能类群及其空间分布,揭示大型土壤动物对维持矿区土地复垦后土壤生态系统结构和功能的作用。研究方法:功能类群分析法、群落多样性指数法。研究结果:以平朔矿区为案例区,通过动物分类和群落多样性指数等方法分析了不同复垦模式下的矿区生态系统大型动物类群分布特征。矿区大型土壤动物有2门4纲10目29类,分为腐食性、植食性、捕食性和杂食性4个功能类群,不同功能类群数量占总数的比例自高到低为杂食性(33.74%)>植食性(32.10%)>捕食性(31.69%)>腐食性(2.74%),数量自高到低为植食性(12)>捕食性(11)>杂食性(4)>腐食性(2)。从水平方向分布特征来看,植食性动物在类群数量上为混交林>刺槐纯林>原地貌小叶杨纯林,杂食性动物在类群数量上原地貌小叶杨>刺槐纯林>混交林,捕食性动物在各样地中分布比较均匀;从垂直方向分布特征来看,除杂食性外,其他类群都具有明显的表聚性,在各样地中原地貌表聚性最不明显。相似性指数表明生态恢复系统中土壤动物群落相似性整体较低,原地貌与纯林的相似性指数除植食性外其他都高于混交林的复垦模式。研究结论:复垦模式的选择对土壤大型动物群落的形成具有至关重要的意义,研究可为矿区土地复垦后生态系统的恢复与重建提供科学依据和决策参考。

The purpose of this study is to analyze functional groups and distribution of soil macro-fauna communities of different reclamation modes in mining area. The main research methods used in this paper are the identification of animal classification and the index of community diversity and so on. Taking Pingshuo mining area as a study area, this paper analyzed soil macro-fauna communities distribution under different vegetation disposition after reclamation. There are 243 soil macrofaunas, which belong to 2 phylum, 4 classes, 10 orders, 29 families, in pingshuo reclamation area. The soil macro-fauna communities can be divided into four functional groups, namely predatory, omnivorous, phytophage and saprophagous. The results indicate that： the proportion of different function groups of soil macro-faunas is omnivore（33.74%）〉phytophage（32.10%）〉predator（31.69%）〉saprozoic（2.74%）; the ordination of species number is phytophage（12）〉predator（11）〉omnivore（4）〉saprozoic（2）. As regards the horizontal distribution characteristics, arbor and shrubarbor forestoriginal landscape Populus simonii Carr; the ordination of omnivorous number is original landscape Populus simonii Carr〉Robinia pseudoacacia〉arbor and shrub; and the distribution of predatory is relatively balanced in each plot. With regard to the vertical distribution characteristics, apart from the omnivore, other groups have obvious form of clustering. The similarity analysis found that soil macro-fauna communities have a low similarity in Pingshuo mining area. Apart from the phytophage, the similarity index of Populus simonii Carr and arbor forest is higher than that of arbor and shrub. The community structure of soil macro-fauna communities in slope topography is complex, the similarity index of which is higher than that of other platforms. The results shows that the selection of reclamation model is of great significance to the formation of soil macro animal community, and can provide a scientific basis for the restoration and reconstruction of the ecological system in the mining area.