我国多地区室内外PM_(2.5)浓度的差异性分析

Difference between indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) level in several counties in China

目的了解我国多地区室内外PM_(2.5)浓度水平,分析室内外PM_(2.5)浓度差异的来源,为研究我国居民PM_(2.5)暴露的健康影响提供数据支撑。方法在成都、常州、济南、石家庄、以及哈尔滨5个地区各招募20个调查家庭进行室内PM_(2.5)浓度监测,收集同期距离调查家庭地址最近的室外环境监测站点PM_(2.5)浓度,通过问卷调查记录室内PM_(2.5)污染源及去除途径的相关影响因素,通过多重线性回归分析定量评估室内外PM_(2.5)浓度差异及其影响因素,并对模型进行敏感性分析。结果室外PM_(2.5)浓度对室内PM_(2.5)浓度偏回归系数为0.96(P<0.01);空气净化装置运行时长对室内PM_(2.5)浓度降低具有贡献,烹饪对室内PM_(2.5)浓度的贡献无统计学意义(P>0.05)。吸烟对于室内PM_(2.5)浓度具有显著正贡献,偏回归系数为0.28(P<0.01)。结论室外PM_(2.5)是室内PM_(2.5)的重要来源,室内吸烟对于室内PM_(2.5)浓度具有显著贡献,其强度高于烹饪等室内PM_(2.5)污染源。

Objective To understand the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels in several counties in China, to explore the sources of differences of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 level and to provide the important data for the further research of air pollution and human health effects. Methods Twenty staff families were recruited in Chengdu, Changzhou, Jinan, Shijiazhuang and Harbin respectively. The indoor PM2.5 concentrations of these families were monitored. Meanwhile, the outdoor PM2.5 data of the nearest environmental fixed-sites were collected. Sources of indoor PM2.5 and the removal factors were collected through the questionnaire survey. The differences of indoor PM2.5 and its influencing factors were assessed quantitatively by multivariate linear regression models. Finally, sensitivity analysis of the model was done. Results The partial regression coefficient of outdoor PM2.5 concentration to indoor PM2.5 concentration was 0.96（P〈0.01）. Air purifier could reduce indoor PM2.5 concentration obviously. Cooking had a partial weak contribution to indoor PM2.5 concentration. Smoking had a significant contribution to indoor PM2.5 concentration with a regression coefficient of 0.28（P〈0.01）. Conclusion Outdoor PM2.5 is an important source of indoor PM2.5. Indoor smoking has a significant contribution to indoor PM2.5 concentration.