纳米颗粒物呼吸暴露致心血管系统损伤的硝化应激作用及可能机制

Nitrosative stress as a signaling pathway for cardiovascular damage induced by nanoparticles inhalation: a review of recent studies

纳米材料和大气颗粒物对环境与健康的影响是公众关注的焦点,也是生物医学领域的研究热点。纳米颗粒物主要是指粒径在100 nm以下的粒子,包括人工合成的纳米材料(1~100 nm)和自然环境中的空气动力学直径在100 nm以下的超细颗粒物。硝化应激(nitrosative stress)指机体对活性氮簇(reactive nitrogen species,RNS)的高应激性,主要表现为病理过程中过氧亚硝基阴离子(peroxynitrite,ONOO^-)过量生成,从而诱发细胞内蛋白质酪氨酸硝基化等,并最终导致细胞损伤。纳米颗粒物呼吸暴露诱导心血管系统损伤过程中,硝化应激稳态失衡与纳米颗粒穿透气血屏障进入血液循环密切关联,通过减少ONOO^-生成和清除过多的ONOO^-来拮抗硝化应激损伤将有可能成为防治空气颗粒物污染诱导心血管疾病发生发展的策略之一。

The influence of nanomaterials and atmospheric particles on environment and human health is a public focus, and it is also the hot spot in biomedical field. Nanoparticles（NPs） is the particles that the size is less than 100 nm, including synthetic nanomaterials（1-100 nm） and air ultrafine particles（UFPs）. Reactive nitrogen species（RNS）are major mediators of nitrosative stress,which cause protein tyrosine nitration and subsequently facilitates the breakdown of the highly-structured cellular machinery as well as the damage of cell. This review focus on peroxynitrite（ONOO^-）-mediated nitrosative stress signaling,which is closely associated with endothelial cell injury and cardiovascular damage by penetrating air-blood carrier to blood circulation after nanoparticles exposure through breathing. Growing evidences indicate that targeting nitrosative stress may be an important strategy to prevent the cardiovascular diseases associated with air particles pollution.