教育的健康回报及其队列差异——基于成长曲线模型的分析

The Cohort Variations of Education Related Health Gradients in China:Analysis Based on Growth Curve Model

在我国经历巨大的经济社会变迁过程中,作为人力资本的教育对不同出生队列群体的健康回报及其演变是否一致?本研究应用队列效应与累积劣势的理论视角,采用历时16年的CHNS追踪数据和成长曲线模型,发现教育的健康回报在不同队列中有差异性。在20世纪40年代以前的出生队列中,教育对健康呈负向影响;40—50年代出生队列,教育对健康没有影响;60年代以后出生队列,教育对健康有正向影响。50年代及以后的出生队列,教育的健康回报随年龄增长而累积。本文还分性别进行了分析,发现教育对女性产生正向影响的队列比男性要晚。队列效应分析揭示了中国语境下独特的健康不平等及其演变。

This study examines how birth cohort structures the relationship between education and health through the life-course in the context of China＇s dramatically changing stratification system.Using longitudinal data from CHNS and growth curve models,we find strong cohort variations in educational disparities in average health and health trajectories. Unlike the nearly universal positive relationship between education and health in western societies,the effect of education on health is negative for earlier cohorts,zero for middle cohorts and positive for more recent cohorts. The age patterns in education-health relationship also vary across cohorts： for earlier cohorts,the negative association between education and health is stable across age; for cohorts born after the 1950 s,the positive effect of education strengthens across age,and this pattern is becoming stronger across successive cohorts. We also find that the very cohort of the crossover-point is more recent among women than that among men.