在三维社会关系网络中理解评价性权力

Making Sense of Evaluative Power

近年来,评价成为社会生活中一种日益常见的现象,也构成了一种新的权力形式。评价可以对被评价者产生两方面的改变:一是通过塑造其自我认同改变其所欲实现的目标;二是通过改变特定分配规则对于被评价者的可适用性来影响其分配结果,进而改变其实现各种目标的手段。要达到这种结果,评价必须得到被评价者或分配决策者的承认。评价性权力的兴起是竞争普遍化的结果,在理论上,评价可以被视为对竞争的一种确认,但在实践中,评价性权力造就了赢家与输家的意识形态对立,使得所有人都寻求成为赢家,并因此臣服在了评价性权力之下。

Recently, evaluation has become a common phenomenon in our social life, and con- stituted a new form of power. As a form of power, evaluation can make changes to the evaluated in two ways. One is to change the evaluated＇ s goals by shaping his identity, the other is to influence the evaluated＇ s distributive outcome by change the applicability of certain distributive rules to him, and thus regulate his means to achieve those goals. Evaluation is a recognition-dependent power, which needs to be recognized by the evaluated or the distribution decision maker to be effective. The rise of evaluative power is a result of increasing competitions, theoretically, evaluations can be seen as confirmation of the results of competitions. Practically, however, evaluative power creates the ide- ological antagonism between winners and losers, pushes everyone to become winners, and thus sub- ject themselves to evaluative power.