地方政府养老政策的创新与评价——基于两届“中国十大创新社会福利政策”案例分析

The Innovation and Evaluation of Local Governments' Elderly Service Policies: An Analysis of Cases Adopted from “Ten Innovative Social Welfare Policies in China” in 2014 and 2015

养老服务是中国社会治理与创新的重要组成部分。本文资料来源于2014年和2015年民政部遴选揭晓的两届"中国十大创新社会福利政策"60个案例,从中收集整理了地方政府提交的33个养老服务创新政策。通过理论框架和文本分析方法对案例进行跨学科研究,研究发现外"逼"与内"压"是地方政府创新养老政策的重要原因;在政策创新中,东部和西部地区的创新多于中部地区;在创新内容中,以公私合作输送服务最多,其次是以失能老人作为服务对象和以财政拨款作为资金主要来源并列;所有创新政策当中存在人文环境创新不足的现象。基于此,下一步地方政府应该在尝试"越位"跳出体制外筹资、主动让利推进民营机构成长、多管齐下营造专业队伍等人文环境方面进行实质性的养老政策再创新。

Elderly Service is an important part of Chinese social governance and innovation. By having collected 33 elderly services innovation policies from the Ministry of Civil Affairs announced the selection of 60 cases of ＂China＇ s ten major innovative social welfare policies＂ in 2014 and 2015, based on the theoretical framework and the method of text analyses, the paper points out that outside ＂force＂ and inner ＂pressure＂ are the important reasons for the innovation of local government elderly policy; in policy innovation, the innovation of the eastern and western regions more than the central region; in content creation, a public-private partnership delivery service most, followed by using disability elderly as the service object and funding as the main source of funds tied; all innovation policies exist the human environment shortage phenomenon. The next step, local governments should try to finance ＂offside＂ out of＂ the system, giving up interests initiatively to promote private sector growth, multi pronged approach to create professional team with humanities environment in regard to substantive innovation.