基于粮食安全的黑龙江省耕地压力时空特征分析

Analysis on the spatial-temporal characteristics of cultivated land pressure in Heilongjiang Province based on food security

以黑龙江省为研究区,分析了2000—2013年黑龙江省耕地资源数量、粮食产量的变化特征及变化原因;运用最小人均耕地面积与耕地压力指数模型,测算了14年间黑龙江省及13个地级市的耕地压力指数,分析了黑龙江省耕地压力与粮食安全水平的时空变化特征.结果表明:(1)2000—2013年,黑龙江省耕地资源数量变化呈现出不同的变化趋势:2000—2002年耕地资源数量缓慢减少,2002—2006年耕地资源数量迅速增加,2006—2013年耕地资源数量平稳增长.(2)2000—2013年,黑龙江省粮食总产、粮食单产与人均粮食产量均在波动中上升,变化趋势趋同.(3)2000—2013年,黑龙江省耕地压力总体呈下降趋势,其中2003年气候发生变化,粮食产量大幅减少,耕地压力上升,粮食安全因此而出现不安全的趋势;其余年份耕地压力逐年下降,粮食安全态势良好.(4)2013年黑龙江省13个地级市(含副省级市)的耕地压力存在较大差异,其中森工城市大兴安岭地区和伊春市耕地压力最大,煤炭型城市鹤岗市和七台河市耕地压力较小,其他城市基本无耕地压力.

Taking Heilongjiang Province as the study area,analyzed the change features and causes of cultivated land resource quantity and foodstuff yield in Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2013.Furthermore,using the minimum cultivated land acreage per capita and cultivated land pressure index model,calculated the pressure index of cultivated land in Heilongjiang Province and its 13 prefecture level cities during the 14 years,analyzed its spatial-temporal characteristics of pressure index of cultivated land and level of food security.The results showed that：（1）From 2000 to 2013,changes in the quantity of the cultivated land resource in Heilongjiang Province presented different trends：from 2000 to 2002 the quantity of cultivated land resource decreased slowly;from 2002 to 2006 the quantity of cultivated land resource increased rapidly;from 2006 to 2013 the quantity of the cultivated land resource increased steadily.（2）From 2000 to 2013 the total grain output,grain yield per unit area and grain output per capita in Heilongjiang Province all rose in fluctuation.Their change trends were similar.（3）From 2000 to 2013 the cultivated land pressure in Heilongjiang Province generally declined.In 2003,the cultivated land pressure increased because of the changing of climate and sharply decreasing of grain output.The food security showed an unsafe trend.In the rest of the years,the cultivated land pressure declined year by year,and the food security situation of Heilongjiang Province was well.（4）There were great differences in the cultivated land pressure among its 13 prefecture level cities in 2013：highest in Daxinganling and Yichun,which are both forest industry cities,lower in Hegang and Qitaihe,which are both coal-mining cities,the other cities had no cultivated land pressure basically.