失独家庭的社会支持和主观幸福度及相关影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors of social support and subjective well-being in the one-child death family

目的探讨失独家庭的社会支持和主观幸福度相关影响因素。方法随机抽取重庆市主城3个区符合入组条件的失独家庭夫妇841人，以一般情况调查表和社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表（MUNSH）为评定工具进行现场调查。结果失独年限〉5年者SSRS的客观支持、支持利用度评分及MUNSH总分和正性情感评分更低（P〈0．05），有躯体疾病者SSRS总分、客观支持、支持利用度评分更低（P〈0．05）。不同收入水平者SSRS总分及各维度分、MUNSH负性体验维度得分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。以失独家庭的婚姻状况、文化程度、失独年限、躯体疾病、收入水平为自变量，以SSRS、MUNSH得分为因变量进行多元线性回归分析，婚姻状况和文化程度进入社会支持得分的回归方程（P〈0．05），失独年限进入幸福度得分回归方程（P〈0．05）。结论失独家庭的社会支持和主观幸福度与失独年限、躯体疾病、收入水平、婚姻状况和文化程度等因素相关。

Objective To explore the related influencing factors of social support and subjective well- being of the one-child death family. Methods A total of 841 people who met the entry criteria from the one- child death families in 3 districts in the main city of Chongqing were randomly selected. Field surveys were conducted using the general questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness Inventory （MUNSH） scale. Results The bereaved parents who have lost the only- child for over 5 years showed lower scores in objective support and support utilization in SSRS and lower scores in the total score of MUNSH and positive emotion （P 〈 0.05）. The parents with somatic disease had significantly lower scores in the total score of SSRS, objective support and support utilization （P 〈 0.05）. There was statistical differences in total score of SSRS, each dimension score and the negative experience dimension score of MUNSH among participants with different finance income （P 〈 0.05）. Taking the marital status, education level, years of loss, somatic disease and income level as independent variables, SSRS and MUNSH scores were used as the dependent variables to make multiple linear regression analysis. The marital status and educational level entered the regression equation of social support score （P 〈 0.05）, and the years of loss entered the regression equation of well-being score （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The social support and subjective well-being of the one-child death family were influenced by the years of loss, physical illness, income level, marital status and educational level.