贫困山区2-3岁儿童行为问题及影响因素调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Behavior Problems and Influencing Factors of Children Aged 2-3 Years in Poor Mountainous Areas

目的探讨贫困山区幼儿行为问题现状、影响因素以及因素间的作用机制。方法以230例秦巴山区2-3岁幼儿为对象,用Achenbach儿童行为量表2-3岁版检测行为问题。同时,采用基本信息调查表、父母教养方式问卷、家庭与村组不良文化环境调查问卷、1-3岁幼儿气质量表等调查影响因素,采用多元线性回归模型分析因素之间的影响机制。结果幼儿行为问题异常检出率为27.83%,检测分数显著高于城市常模水平;与城市地区相比,生物医学危险因素对当地幼儿行为问题的影响更具高风险性。同时,家庭教养环境与社会文化环境不良因素,对其行为问题的影响具有双层负面作用的叠加性;父母教养方式中的专制性对幼儿行为问题具有显著影响,而幼儿气质的反应强度正向调节着专制式教养方式对儿童行为问题的影响。结论贫困山区2-3岁幼儿整体具有较高的行为问题倾向性,早期预防应该加强改善儿童医疗保健水平,提升家庭教养环境,开展主要养育人育儿能力教育等。

Objective To explore the present situation ,influencing factors and mechanism of young children~ be- havior problems in poor mountainous areas.. Methods The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist（CBCL） was used to access the behavior problems of 230 children aged 2 - 3 years in Qinba Mountain ; The Basic Intormation Question- naire, Parental Rearing Questionnaire, Family and Socio - cultural Environment Questionnaire, Toddler Temperament Scale（TFS） used to investigate influencing factors ; Multiple linear regression model used to analyze the impact of factors between the mechanism. Results The abnormal detection rate of children ~ behavior is 27.83%, and the scores of behavior problems are significantly higher than those in urhan norms. Compared with urban areas, biomedical risk factors are more risky tor local children~ behavior problems . At the same time ,family rearing environment and so- cial and cultural environment adverse factors have a double negative effects of the impact on their behavior problems; The autocracy of parental rearing style has an important impact on the local child behavior problems, and the intensity of response of children＇s temperament positively regulates the influence of authoritarian parenting style on children~ behavior problems. Conclusion The 2 - 3 year - old children in poor mountain areas have a high tendency of behav- ior problems overall. The early prevention should improve childreng health care level , promote family education envi- ronment, and carry out parenting skills education for main fosterers , etc.