印江县汛期短时强降水时空分布特征及“三个叫应”服务

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Short Term Heavy Rainfall in Flood Season of Yinjiang County and “Three Calls” Service

利用印江县气象观测站1983—2016年和区域内16个自动气象观测站2011—2016年汛期(4—9月)逐时降水观测资料,采用相关对比分析、汇总归类等统计方法,分析近34a县中心城区的短时强降水特征和近6 a 16个站的短时强降水时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)近34 a,县中心城区汛期短时强降水量级以20~30 mm为主,对暴雨日贡献比较大,年次数呈波动变化;集中并均匀分布在5—8月;日次数集中在夜间,日变化特征在各月有明显不同。(2)近6 a,印江区域内汛期短时强降水多发生在中东部,月份分布似正态分布,集中在6月和7月,各月不同区域累积次数也不同;日次数集中在夜间,日变化特征在各月也有明显不同。(3)利用得到的降水分布特征,指导印江气象局更好的开展"三个叫应"气象服务,重点关注短时强降水易发区、大小流域区域、地质灾害点和人口密集区。

The Yinjiang county meteorological station from 1983 to 2016 and 16 regional automatic weather observation station from 2011 to 2016 in flood season( April ~ September) hourly precipitation data,using correlation statistical analysis method,classified,temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation characteristics of short-time strong county city center near 34 a and near 6 a16 analysis a short time of strong. The results showed that:(1)near 34 a,County Central City Flood short-time strong rainfall magnitude based on 20 ~ 30 mm,contribution to the rainstorm is relatively large,the number of years fluctuated; concentrated and uniformly distributed in the May ~ August; the number of days in the night,diurnal variations in each month are significantly different.(2)near 6 a,the short-term heavy rainfall in flood season occurred mostly in the central and eastern part of Yinjiang. The monthly distribution was normal distribution,concentrated in June and July,and the cumulative number of different regions in each month was also different; the daily number concentrated in the night,and the diurnal variation characteristics were also significantly different in each month.(3)using the characteristics of precipitation distribution to guide the Yinjiang Meteorological Bureau to better carry out the " three call " meteorological services,focusing on Short-time Heavy Rainfall prone areas,large and small watershed areas,geological disaster points and densely populated areas.