高温设备和管道的附属结构优化研究

Optimization of Accessory Structures in High Temperature Equipment and Piping

分析了高温设备和管道附属设施主要失效形式及原因。附属设施中,较高的热应力是导致结构热疲劳、应力松弛、高应力致强度不足开裂等失效的主要原因。结合工程实际应用和分析,提出了设置热箱、采用合理的冷物料进口结构、改变结构件刚性以及合理设置保温等措施,降低结构温度梯度和热应力,并尽可能避免结构机械高应力集中区域与热应力集中区域重合,使应力分布趋于合理。通过一系列结构优化措施,并借助于热-机械荷载分析,实现设备和管道安全运行。

The main failures occurred in accessory facilities in high temperature equipment and piping and their causes were analyzed. In accessory facilities, relatively high thermal stress is the key cause resulting in the failures of thermal fatigue, stress relaxation and cracking. Combined with practical engineering and analysis, some measures were proposed, such as use of hotbox, use appropriate inlet and outlet structures, changing the stiffness of structure and proper arrangement of insulator, so as to avoid the superposition of mechanical loads induced high stress zone and temperature induced high stress zone, and to make the stress distribution comparatively less concentrated. With a series of optimum measures and mechanical-thermal analysis, the safe performance of equipment and piping has been realized.