“麻黄”药用及文化遗存考辨

Investigation on Ma Huang's Medication and Cultural Query

中外考古专家在新疆楼兰多处古遗址出土文物中发现大规模的"墓葬麻黄",测定距今3 800年,并证明为世界各地仅存的文化现象,实验证明它为中国最早的药用"麻黄"实物。而中原"麻黄"药用最早见于东汉初年的《神农本草经》,而同期《武威汉代医简》42简也出现"麻黄",之后二世纪初又见于张家界古人堤汉简;三世纪初张仲景创立29首以"麻黄"为主药的方剂,其中杂疗方有"还魂汤",附方有"续命汤",均以"麻黄"为君药。"还魂""续命"或为西域楼兰"麻黄"崇拜的文化遗存,似可证中原"麻黄"药用缘自西域楼兰。

In many ancient site in ancient Loulan, Xinjiang, China and foreign countries＇ experts have found a large scale ＂Graveyed Mahuang＂ of the massive unearthed relic. They were dated 3800 years ago, and attested to be the only surviving cultural phenomenon. Expriments have proved that it was the earliest ＂Ma Huang＂ object with medical purpose use. However, in Central Plains, using ＂Mahuang＂ in medicine was first seen in ＂Shen Nong＇s Herbal Classic＂ in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Over the same period, ＂Mahuang＂ can be seen in the Wu Wei Han-Dynasty Bamboo Slips on Medical Matters,42. And then be seen in ＂古人堤＂ Hanjian in Zhangjiajie at the beginning of the second century. And in the early third century, Zhang Zhongjing created 29 prescriptions with ＂Mahuang＂as the principal herbal medicine, such as＂Huanhuntang＂in the internal disease and ＂Xumingtang＂ in append prescriptions.＂Huanhun＂and ＂Xuming＂, may as a cultural relics that prove ＂Mahuang＂, in the Central Plain, may comes from western regions, Loulan.