农村集体经济组织成员权的实现研究——基于“土地征收视角下农村集体经济组织成员权实现研讨会”的思考

The Realization of Membership Rights in Rural Collective Economic Organization: Based on the Workshop for the Realization of Membership Rights in Rural Collective Economic Organization from the Perspective of Land Acquisition

研究目的:对农村集体经济组织成员权的内涵及其在土地征收中权益的实现途径分析,以期为深化农村改革提供基础参考。研究方法:综合分析与系统推理。研究结果:(1)成员资格的认定及内涵的界定,是保障和实现农民集体经济组织成员权利的基础,而成员权的高含金量决定了成员身份认定的复杂性;(2)农村集体经济组织成员权的内涵与特征表现为:土地是维系成员权的根本,成员权的财产边界意识强烈,成员权强调"家庭"单元,社会成员权应优先于经济成员权,成员权以传统伦理为基础。研究结论:(1)农村集体经济组织成员认定应遵循自治性、保障性、唯一性和尊重性4个基本原则;(2)成员认定及成员权内涵界定,应综合考虑户籍、承包权、权利义务、土地保障等多种因素;(3)成员的权利义务关系要平衡;(4)土地征收中成员权的实现要坚持村级留存和直接分配两个层次。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the content of membership rights in rural collective economic organization and its realization path so as to provide references for deepening the rural reform. The methods of comprehensive analysis and systematic reasoning were employed. The results showed： 1 ）the definition of membership qualification and its contents is the basis for guaranteeing and realizing membership rights in rural collective economic organization. The high value of membership rights lead to the complexity of membership definition; 2）the contents and features of the membership rights are as follows. Land is the foundation of the membership rights, the property boundary cognition on the membership rights is strong, the membership rights stress on family unit, the social membership rights have the priority over the economic membership rights, and the membership rights are based on the traditional ethics. It is concluded that： 1 ）the definition of the membership should follow the basic principles of autonomy, security, uniqueness and respect; 2）the definition of membership rights and the contents should consider various factors including Hukou, contractual rights, duties and land security; 3）the relationship between rights and duties of membership should be balanced; 4）the realization of membership rights during land acquisition should focus on the village level benefit and direct distribution.