从中苏防止核扩散论战看中国核政策缘起

Sino-Soviet Debates on Preventing Nuclear Proliferation and the Origins of China's Nuclear Policy

苏联以防止核扩散为由阻挠中国拥有核武器,是中国走上自力更生发展核武器道路的重要背景。中苏两国围绕什么才是防止核扩散正确道路的论战,也同样给中国核武器政策内容和主旨打上了深刻历史烙印。中国愈发强烈地认定,只有自己也掌握了核武器,才能增强世界核力量的结构稳定性,只有打破美国和苏联依靠部分核禁试条约设置的障碍,才能真正制止核战争,走出迈向实现全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器目标的实际步伐。从这一视角来看,中苏围绕如何防止核扩散的矛盾斗争和论战,可谓是中国核政策生成的逻辑起点之一。

Against the backdrop of China＇ s development of its own nuclear weapons program, the Soviet Union used the issue of non-proliferation as an excuse to prevent China from developing its own nuclear weapons. Sino- Soviet debates on the correct way to prevent nuclear proliferation left a deep historical imprint on the content and nature of China＇ s nuclear weapon policy. China increasingly recognized and clearly advocated that only by devel- oping its own nuclear weapons could it enhance stability among the global nuclear powers. From China＇ s perspec- tive at that time, it was impossible to really prevent the emergence of a nuclear war and to take concrete steps to fully prevent proliferation and to completely destroy nuclear weapons unless the barriers established by the United States and the Soviet Union in the section of the treaty banning nuclear weapons were overcome. In this respect, we can say that the contradictions and debates about how to prevent nuclear proliferation were a logical starting point for China＇ s nuclear policy.