中国现代性的椭圆结构——“八二宪法”中的“建设者”述论

The Elliptical Structure of Modernization in China:A Review of the “Builders of the Cause of Socialism” in the 1982 Constitution

当下中国,社会主义价值与现代性始终是国家所追求的双重目标。中国的现代时间包括"革命时间"与"当下时间",而同为现代时间意识的革命与建设并非前后之决然二分。"建设者"是一个具有现代性的功能身份概念,它的出现与"八二宪法"的时间观、时间意识密切相关。宪法中的"建设者"作为一种时间维度的存在物,正处于这一进步主义时间坐标的"现在"位置上。工人阶级分享了执政党的阶级优势,成为其执政的"阶级基础","建设者"分享的则是在国家现代性目标中的功能特性,成为执政的"群众基础"的一部分。国家现代性既需要具有革命血统的工人阶级保证它的社会主义性质,也需要"建设者"等其他社会阶层对国家现代性的实际贡献。"建设者"受制于宪法所构筑的"国体语境"(阶级性),同时又独立于这一语境,而与国家现代性联系在一起。就其来源而言,它所属的"新的社会阶层",既是国家现代性的伴生物,又是促进国家现代性实现的重要主体,其意义将由"未来"(目标)给付和规训。"建设者"的现代功能身份与政治身份的二元构造,说明了党在实现国家现代化的进程中,其理论已发生衍变的事实。

In contemporary China,socialist value and modernity have always been the dual goals pursued by the country.China's modern time includes"revolutionary time"and"present time,"while revolution and construction both belonged to modern time can not be divided into two parts chronologically.The emergence of"builder",a concept of functional identity,is closely associated with the idea and sense of time in the 1982 Constitution.A a kind of existence on time dimension,"builders"in the Constitution are at the"present"location on the progressive coordinate of time.The working class shares the class dominance of the ruling party,and becomes the class basis of its governance;while the"builders"share the functional characters in the modern goal of the country,and become one part of the mass base.The country's modernity needs both the working class with revolutionary blood to guarantees its socialist nature,and actual contribution made by the"builders"and other stratums.The"builders"are subject to the"context of state system"constructed by the Constitution,yet independent of the context and linked itself with modernity.The"new stratum"that the builders belonged to is both a concomitant of the country's modernity,and an important subject to realize the goal.The binary structure of the builders'identity on modern function and politics shows that the theories of the Chinese Communist Party have changed in the country's process of modernization.