《左传》论赞及其褒贬功能探析

A Discussion of the Commentaries in Zuo Zhuan and Their Function of Appraisal

《左传》"君子曰"开中国史籍论赞传统之先河,有着丰富的思想内涵和重要的研究价值。《左传》论赞条条皆含褒贬,以褒贬为主要功能,其褒贬功能主要体现在臧否人物上。褒贬的目的在于宣扬儒家价值观念,具体反映于褒贬标准。《左传》论赞的褒贬标准集中在道德善恶和政治得失两个方面。道德善恶方面所反映出的价值体系可以概括为:崇礼尚义,仁爱勇武,睿智诚信,宽恕谦让,亲善远恶。政治得失方面所反映出的价值体系可以概括为:以人为本,德政威刑,知惧善戒,忠君爱国,奉公尽职。

The style of"gentleman says"in Zuo Zhuan(Commentary of Zuo)with rich ideological connotation and important research value opened the tradition of appraisal in Chinese historiography.As the major function,there is appraisal contained in each piece of commentary in Zuo Zhuan,and the function mainly reflects in making comments on characters.The appraisal aims at advocating Confucian values,and embodies in the criterions,which focus on moral good and evil as well as political gain and loss.The value system reflected in the former can be concluded as:benevolence,valiancy,wisdom,honesty,forgiveness,humility,as well as worshipping rites and righteousness,and approaching to the good while keeping away from the evil.The value system reflected in the latter can be concluded as:the people-oriented stand,benevolent rule and harsh punishment,knowing reverence and being good at kicking the bad,being patriotic and loyal to the throne,as well as respecting justice and fulfil one's duty.