国外中小学研学旅行课程实施的模式、特点及启示

The Modes,Characteristics and Revelations of Study Tour Curriculum Implementation in Foreign Primary and Secondary Schools

国外中小学研学旅行发展至今,其课程实施主要表现为四种模式:自然教育模式、生活体验模式、文化考察模式和交换学习模式。这几种模式呈现的共同特点为:注重"研学"与"旅行"相互交融、游学活动的弹性设置和经验知识的动态获取、创造研学体验的情景记忆以及研学旅行需求的分化。综合国外经验和我国中小学校特点,对推进我国中小学研学旅行提出建议,一是丰富教育空间,拓展多元化研学旅行实施模式;二是转变教师角色,引导学生在亲身体验中开放学习;三是延伸育人格局,实施全过程、全员、全方位育人策略。

Since the development of study tour in primary and secondary schools overseas, its curriculum implementation mainly performed four modes： natural education, life experience, cultural investigation and exchange learning. These modes present some common characteristics： attaching great importance to the integration of ＂learning＂ and ＂tour＂, the flexibility of study activity and the dynamic acquisition of empirical knowledge, creating episodic memories of the tour＇s experience, and the differentiation of study tour＇s demand. Considering the oversea experience and the characteristics of Chinese primary and secondary schools, some suggestions were put forward to promote study tour in our country＇s primary and secondary schools. The first is to enrich education space and expand diversified implementation mode of study tour. The second is to transform teachers＇ role and guide students to open learning in firsthand experience. The third is to extend the pattern of education and apply whole-process, whole-staff and all-around educational strategy.