“赵氏孤儿”书写中情与理的两维考量——以《史记·赵世家》“程婴谋取他人婴儿”与元杂剧《赵氏孤儿》“程婴舍子”为例

On the Sense and Sensibility of “The Orphan of Zhao”——A Case Study of Two Versions of the Story “Cheng Ying's Rescue of the Orphan”in Shi Ji and in Yuan Zaju Drama

"赵氏孤儿"故事在流传过程中,司马迁的《史记·赵世家》和纪君祥的《赵氏孤儿大报仇》是非常重要的两个阶段。其中最需要认真分析的一个细节就是代替孤儿死去的孩子的来源:《史记》里是"程婴谋取他人婴儿",杂剧里是"程婴舍子"。这一细节看似小问题,其实不然,它正反映出司马迁和纪君祥不同的伦理观。从西方人学理论看,《史记》的书写,更具有其合理性,反映出司马迁既从儒家伦理出发歌颂程婴的忠义精神,又不使其陷入不讲亲情的尴尬,达到情与理的完美融合。

There are two significant progresses of the story＂The Orphan of Zhao＂——Sima Qian＇s version in Shi Ji. King Zhao and Ji Junxiang＇s in Yuan Zaju drama The Great Revenge of the Orphan of Zhao Family.One of the differences in the two versions is who is the innocent child who died for zhao＇s orphan. In Shi Ji,Chen Ying stole a child from somewhere,while in Yuan Zaju drama,Cheng Ying sacrificed his own son. That detail is subtle and crucial in that it shows the different ethics of Sima Qian and Ji Junxiang. In the view of western humanism,Sima Qian＇s version is more reasonable. Also,Cheng Ying＇s loyalty in Shi Ji,with reasonable human feelings,conformed to Confucianism well. Therefore,Sima Qian＇s ＂The Orphan of Zhao＂is the perfect incorporation of sense and sensibility.