表皮朗格汉斯细胞免疫功能研究进展

Research Progress on Immune-function of Epidermal Langerhans Cells

朗格汉斯细胞(Langerhans cells,LCs)是位于表皮的免疫活性细胞,在表皮形成LCs网络监测外来病原体。稳定状态,LCs通过缓慢增殖来维持自我平衡,炎症状态,LCs通过外来细胞的填充和自我缓慢增殖来重建LCs网络。不同部位的LCs功能有差异,表皮LCs以抗原吞噬能力占优势,而引流淋巴结内LCs则以抗原提呈能力为主。LCs属于特殊类型的树突状细胞,其负调节T细胞的功能深刻影响着接触超敏反应的强度和自身免疫性皮肤病的临床表现。

Langerhans cells（LCs）are the unique antigen-presenting cell in epidermis, LCs have long been depicted as the immunocyte that alerts the immune system upon skin barrier breakage induced by pathogen.LCs slowly proliferate at steady state to maintain the balance of LCs network.LCs network is reconstituted by monocyte-derived short-term LCs and precursor-derived long-term LCs,according to different inflammatory status.The functions of antigen recognition and phagocytosis are predominate for epidermial LCs,whereas the ability of antigen presentation to stimulate antigen-specific T-cells is predominate for LCs in lymphonodes.Notably, LCs have been regarded as a key in fine tuning tolerance or immunity.LCs may suppress the activation of T cells,which affects the degree of contact hypersensitivity and the symptom of autoimmune skin disease.