中国木材加工业转移与集聚研究:产业集聚过度了吗?

Study on Industrial Transfer and Agglomeration: Is Wood-processing Industry Agglomeration Excessive?

文章针对一些研究从劳动力要素拥挤得出包括木材加工业在内的“中国劳动密集型产业集聚过度”的观点提出了质疑，并从单要素投入和多要素投入对比分析了木材加工业的生产效率。对比结果显示：（1）若只考虑劳动力要素，木材加工业的确表现出集聚过度“症状”——劳动边际产出下降；（2）若考虑资本、中间投入品、劳动力等更多要素投入，则可发现在目前的集聚水平下大部分企业仍然处于规模报酬递增区间。文章认为，劳动力要素拥挤的表象掩盖了大部分企业依然处于规模经济区间的事实，而这又恰恰是企业集聚不愿转移的原因。根据研究结论，提出改变以行政手段推进产业转移，代之以通过集聚实现木材加工业由劳动密集型向资本、技术密集型产业转型的建议。

This paper questioned the viewpoint that China＇ s labor-intensive industries, including wood-processing industry was over-agglomerate, and then comparatively analyzed the production efficiency of wood processing industry from the angle of single factor input and multi-factor input. The result showed that （1） if only single factor considered, labor marginal output of wood-processing industry would decline, that was to say, wood processing industry revealed the symptom of excessive agglomeration. （2） if multi-factors considered, such as capital, intermediary goods, labor and so on, the vast majority of wood-processing enterprises would remain increasing returns to scale at the current level of agglomeration. Therefore, it was supposed that the facts that most enterprises was still remaining increasing returns to scale was covered up by the superficial phenomenon of labor factors congestion ,and this was exactly the reason of industrial transfer stickiness. At last, we recommended that agglomerating was a more feasible way to achieve wood-processing industry transformation from labor-intensive to technology-intensive and capital-intensive instead of administrative means.