现代性下节庆对社区重构的影响

Impacts of Festivals on Community Reconstruction in the Context of Modernity

随着20世纪后半期以来,节庆以史无前例的规模复兴,在现代性的语境下,节庆与社区存续、复兴或衰亡的各种关系,成为文化地理关注的主题。文章从传统社区的延续与现代认同的重构、移民社区的再造与多元认同的杂糅、社区活力的再生与地方品牌的营销、社区秩序的重塑与地方权力的协商4个方面,对节庆与社区重构的关系进行分析。结论认为:节庆与社区重构之间具有紧密的关系,社区并没有被现代性力量所终结,而是以一种更加复杂化的形式存续和发展,或者延续传统的社区秩序,或者吸纳外来和创新要素重构出混杂的社区秩序,或者进行地方营销扩大社区影响;社区节庆则被全球化、市场化等现代性力量不断调整和创新。最后在此基础上进一步展望中国语境下的社区重构研究。

Under the influence of modernity, community has become more complicated in many aspects such as values, identity, social relationships, etc. Festivals, as the expression of lifestyle and culture that interacts with community, has become an important event by which the community reconstruction is observed and influenced. With the unprecedented revival of festivals in the latter half of twentieth century, the relationship of festivals with the vicissitude of community in the context of modernity has been concentrated in cultural geography. Based on analysis of previous literature of festivals and community reconstruction, the process and mechanism of community reconstruction such as the vicissitude of community, the interrelatedness of social relations and power, the conflicts and integration in community development can be explained more deeply. This article proposes a framework in regard of the relationship between festivals and community reconstruction under the context of modernity in four aspects： continuation of traditional community and reproduction of modern identity, reform of immigrant community and integration of multiple identities, community regeneration and place marketing, the reshaping of order and negotiation of power. The results can be illustrated as follows ：（1） Traditional communities pursue or rebuild local traditions through festivals, by which the community identity is continued, reconstructed and strengthened and then transformed into social capital to maintain local continuity in a rapidly changing world.（2） In terms of the migrants in multicultural communities, festivals is not only a way of protecting their original identity, but also an acculturation strategy to integrate into the local community and establish hybrid identity.（3） Rooted in the local culture, festivals can also be used as symbol economy. Communities rely on them for place marketing to revive their vitality and establish their image. However, the interrelated realities such as economy, politics, culture, society embedded in festival promotion need to be acknowledged to address deeper mechanism of community regeneration.（4） In a world dominated by discourse, the power relationship enables different stakeholders to impose their will on social relations. What is more, the invasion of capital makes the power structure more sophisticated. Therefore, the reconstructing of community identity, class stratification, place image and economy vitality has become more and more pluralistic. In conclusion, the reconstruction of modern community is closely tied with festivals. On the one hand, the community is not dispelled by modernity, but developing in a more sophisticated manner with continuing the traditional community order, or building hybrid community order by absorbing foreign and innovative elements, or expanding its influences through place marketing. On the other hand, festivals are constantly adjusted and recreated by globalization, marketization and other modern forces. Furthermore, considering the particular context of contemporary China in a period of rapidly social transformation, it is worthy of conducting locally theoretical and empirical researches on the interaction of Chinese rural society and modernity. Around this theme, it is instructive to explore the relationship between festivals and community reconstruction in China from the perspectives of different actors and the creation of social relations, community boundaries and social production, etc.