道德意志薄弱:可能性、现实性及其教育干预

Moral Will Weakness: Possibility,Reality and Its Education Intervention

通过梳理文献发现,多数经典论述认为道德意志薄弱在理论上或逻辑上不存在。然而,在现实生活中,道德意志薄弱现象涵盖了相当广泛的行为类型,时间间隔和能力区隔是判断某一行为是否属于道德意志薄弱的两个基本判定标准,而理智上的不诚实和欲望上的立即性则是导致道德意志薄弱的主要原因。针对道德意志薄弱问题,道德教育应积极鼓励受教育者认知和探究他们当前内心的真实想法和真正动机,促使他们在行为处事时努力保持动机理由与支持理由相向而行,以榜样学习、道德奖惩、理性讨论、情境假设、道德想象、角色扮演等方式减少理智上的不诚实和欲望上的立即性的不利影响,努力形成自己的道德规则,涵养相应的道德品行,内化为个人的道德习惯、行为动机和做人准则。

Combing literature, we find that most of the classic arguments hold that moral will weakness does not exist theoretically or logically, In real life, however,the phenomenon of moral will weakness covers quite a wide range of behavior types. The time interval and the ability to differentiate are two basic standards to determine whether a particular behavior belongs to moral will weakness while intellectual dishonesty and the immediate sense of desire are the main reasons for moral will weakness. In view of moral will weakness, moral education should encourage the educatees to cognize and explore their real inner thoughts and real motivation at present,make them keep the oppo- site way of the motivation and supporting reason, reduce the negative impact of intellectual dishonesty and immediacy of desire by means of learning from good examples, moral rewards and punishments, rational discussion, situational assumptions,moral imagination and role playing,etc, so as to form their own moral rules, cultivate the corresponding moral character and internalize the personal moral habit, the behavior motivation and the standard to conduct themselves.