致密储层研究进展和热点问题分析

Research progress and core issues in tight reservoir exploration

全球常规油气及非常规油气资源极为丰富,其中致密油气是非常规油气资源的主要类型,是当前非常规油气勘探的重点,也是未来接替常规油气资源的重要领域。致密储层具有油气资源量大、分布面积广、成岩作用强、单井产量较低、储层非均质性强等特点。在富含油气资源的致密储层中,具有良好物性的"甜点"是提高产量的有利勘探目标,其"甜点"主要包括两类,一类为异常高孔带,另一类为裂缝发育带。目前,致密储层的研究现状主要包括致密储层划分、地质特征、形成机理和有利储层预测等。近年来,"甜点"的形成机理和预测成为当前致密储层勘探开发的重要科学问题。因此,致密储层微观孔喉结构表征、致密储层裂缝发育识别表征是目前致密储层研究的热点领域及未来主要发展方向。

There are abundance of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Earth, in which the tight oil and gas are considered to be the major types of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in replacing the conventional oil and gas in the next few decades. The characteristics of tight reservoir include high resource quantity, wide distribution area, strong diagenesis, low unit production and high heterogeneity. Therefore, ＂sweet spots＂ reservoirs with favorable physical properties are good exploration targets for achieving higher oil and gas production in tight reservoirs. The origin of ＂sweet spots＂ reservoirs could be two types： the abnormally high porosity zone or fracture development zone. Recently, much attention has been paid to the tight reservoir researches on reservoir classification, geological characterization, forming mechanism and ＂sweet spots＂ prediction, among where genetic mechanism and precise prediction of ＂sweet spots＂ have become the focus of scientific investigation. For this reason, reservoir microscopic pore throat structural representation and fracture identification and characterization are the present core issues and future main directions in the tight reservoir exploration and development.