循环肿瘤DNA在肝癌分子检测中的应用及研究进展

The application of circulating tumor DNA in molecular detection for liver cancer

肿瘤细胞可以释放核酸片段进入循环中,成为循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA),被认为是新一代肿瘤分子标志物。ctDNA携带了所有肿瘤细胞的基因变异信息,在肿瘤发展的早期阶段即可检测到。因此基于ctDNA检测的肿瘤"液体活检"可帮助对肿瘤进行无创、实时、全面的动态监测,同时克服了传统组织穿刺的局限性。与大多数恶性肿瘤类似,肝癌发生发展中伴随着基因遗传学和表观遗传学变异,但有关肝癌患者循环肿瘤DNA的研究不多,本文就循环肿瘤DNA检测在肝癌诊断和预后分析中的研究进展做一综述。

Tumor cells can release the nucleic acid fragment into the peripheral blood, become circulating tumor DNA （ctDNA）, which is considered a new generation of tumor molecular marker, ctDNA carries all the gene mutation information of tumor cells and can be detected at the early stage of tumor development. Therefore, minor-based ＂biopsy＂ based on ctDNA detection can carry out noninvasive, real-time and comprehensive dynamic monitoring of tumors, while overcoming the traditional limitations of paracentesis. Sknilar to most malignant tumors, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma is accompanied with genetic and epigenetic variation. There are few studies about circulating tumor DNA in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This review recapitulates the application of circulating tumor DNA detection in the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.