自然惩罚:教育惩罚行为的可能

Natural Punishment Makes Educational Punishment Possible

教育中的惩罚行为问题造成了师生相互伤害的怪相,实然惩罚与或然惩罚相左,应然惩罚与必然惩罚亦相左。作为良善教育者理想的教育惩罚,如何范导惩罚行为?如何扬弃教育惩戒?如何突围法律救赎?笔者试从哲学视角探寻一条路径,去除惩罚行为的不纯粹性,去除教育惩戒的诡辩性,去除法律救赎的虚幻性。作为理性理念的教育惩罚,它以儿童生命个体发展为目的,是意志自律者的道德律,是教育惩罚行为的法则;作为知性概念的自然惩罚,在教育惩罚理念的范导下成为教育惩罚行为的准则,它调和应然惩罚与必然惩罚的同时也顺便调和了实然惩罚与或然惩罚。自然惩罚是教育惩罚行为的准则而不是法则,它不仅让教育惩罚行为发生的时空可以移动,还为实践中必要的教育强制留下地盘,从而使教育惩罚行为成为可能。

The problem of educational punishment gives rise to a strange phenomenon that teachers and students do harm to each other; actual punishment conflicts with possible punishment; deserved punishment disagrees with necessary punishment.As a kind-hearted educator,what is an ideal educational punishment? How to conduct this behavior? How to develop and discard the educational punishment? How to break out of legal redemption? This article seeks to find a way to solve these problems from the perspective of philosophy.Educational punishment from the perspective of rational idea,which aims for children's individual development,is a moral law for self-disciplined persons and a law of punishment.Natural punishment from the perspective of intellectual concept,under the guidance of the concept of educational punishment,resolves the contradiction between deserved punishment and necessary punishment and that between actual punishment and possible punishment,which can be viewed as a criterion of educational punishment.Natural punishment is a criterion rather than a law.Natural punishment not only allows time and space of educational punishment to move,but also leaves a place for the compulsory education in practice,which makes it possible to conduct the educational punishment.