民机座舱显示页面色彩研究与可读性评估

Flight-deck Display Color Research and Readability Evaluation in Commercial Aircraft Design

随着航空电子技术的发展,液晶显示在驾驶舱内得到了普遍应用。驾驶舱显示页面中色彩作为符号信息的一种编码方式,不仅用于表现显示画面中的天空、地面、飞行航迹及飞行计划等基本飞行与导航信息,还将兼顾未来航空电子系统新功能所带来的更高的显示需求。实际设计中如何结合飞机驾驶舱顶层设计理念选择显示系统色彩集,以及如何评估RGB数值是否满足可读性要求,需要民机研发人员去重点开展探寻和研究。从行业标准与技术规范入手,解读显示色彩设计中最应关注的两个方面——色度对比度和亮度对比度,从这两个方面详细分析色彩的设计考虑,介绍了基于RGB值数学模型的人为因素初步评估方法,最后结合人为因素给出色彩选择、使用与初步评估的建议。

With the development of commercial aircraft avionics technology, LCD is widely used in on flight-deck. Display color, as an information coding method, is not only to indicate sky, ground, flight path information, flight plan, as well as other basic flight and navigation information, but also need to meet the higher display requirements which may be brought by the new avionics system functions in the future. In civil aircraft design, how to define the color set conforming to the flight-deck design philosophy, and how to evaluate the readability according to the RGB values, are the issues left for aircraft designers to focus on. Relevant standards and technical manuals about color selection are presented, and the two most concerning factors in color design are introduced： bright contrast and chroma contrast. The considerations of color design from these two factors will be analyzed in detail. Then, two math-module based methods for preliminary human factor evaluation according to RGB values will be introduced. In the end, some suggestions will be given on color selection, usage and evaluation from human factor perspective.