2010-2016年成都市成华区重症手足口病流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Severe Hand-foot-mouth Disease in Chenghua District of Chengdu From 2010 to 2016

目的分析2010-2016年成都市成华区重症手足口病流行特征及病原学特征,为重症手足口病的有效防控提供科学依据。方法收集2010-2016年成华区重症手足口病数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对三间分布特征和病原学特征进行分析。结果 2010-2016年成华区累计重症手足口病173例(死亡2例),重症比例为1.20%,年均发病率2.40/10万。发病高峰出现在4~8月,病例以5岁及以下儿童为主(97.11%),其中1~3岁组儿童占76.88%;从人群分类看,散居儿童占61.27%,托幼儿童占36.99%。地区分布上,离中心城区距离越远的街道辖区,重症病例数越多,重症比例亦越大,重症发病率亦越高。结论加强散居儿童的管理,特别是离中心城区较远的农村地区、城郊结合部、流动儿童聚居区域等地,要加强患儿随访和健康宣传,积极开展5岁以下儿童手足口病EV71型疫苗接种;在4~8月发病高峰期,加强就诊患儿手足口病筛查,早期识别、及时治疗;同时加强基层医疗机构培训,提高诊治水平。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of severe hand -foot - mouth disease （HFMD） from 2010 to 2016 in Chenghua District, and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control. Methods The data of severe HFMD were collected from 2010 to 2016 in Chenghua District and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results From 2010 to 2016, a total of 173 severe HFMD cases （including 2 deaths） were reported in Chenghua District; the proportion of severe cases was 1.2%; the average incidence was 2.4/105. The incidence peak occurred during April to August. 97.11% of the severe cases occun＇ed in children ~〈 5 years old, children aged 1 -3 years accounted for 76. 88%. Most cases were scattered children （61.27%） and kindergarten children （36.99%）. In areas that were the farther from the central urban area, the more the severe cases were, the higher the proportion of severe cases was, and the higher the incidence of severe diseases was. Conclusion The management of scattered children should be strengthened, especially in areas far away from the central urban district; the cases follow- up and health education need to be strengthened, and EVT1 type vaccine should be actively inoculated in children under 5 years old. HFMD screening need to be strengthened from April to August so as to early detect and timely treat the disease. The training of grassroots medical staff should be strengthened to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment.