1994-2015年南充市高坪区流行性乙型脑炎疫情分析

Epidemic Analysis of Epidemic Encephalitis B in Gaoping District of Nanchong From 1994 to 2015

目的了解南充市高坪区流行性乙型脑炎流行情况,为制定有效防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集1994-2015年高坪区疫情资料数据,采用描述性流行病学分析方法进行整理分析。结果 1994-2015年南充市高坪区流行性乙型脑炎流行呈下降趋势,22年间累计报告病例229例,年均发病率为1.73/10万,死亡12例,死亡率为0.091/10万,病死率为5.24%。年龄分布以10岁以下儿童为主,占发病总数的96.51%,男性多于女性,男女之比为1.76∶1,时间分布:疫情在5月开始发生,8~9月为最高峰,占全年病例总数的85.15%,10月份开始下降。结论南充市高坪区流行性乙型脑炎发病呈现明显的季节性(8、9月)高峰,发病年龄以10岁以下儿童为主。预防控制流行性乙型脑炎疫情的有效措施主要以接种疫苗及切断传播途径(灭蚊),同时应加强环境卫生监督管理和疫情监测预警。

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of epidemic encephalitis B in Gaoping District of Nanchong City. Methods Data about the epidemic situation in Gaoping District from 1994 to 2015 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results Over the period from 1994 to 2015, prevalence of epidemic encephalitis B has shown a declining trend ; a total of 229 cases have been reported in total over the 22 years. The annual incidence rate was 1.73/105; 12 death cases were reported, and the death rate was 0. 091/105 ; the fatality rate was 5.24%. In most cases children aged below 10 were involved, accounting for 96.51% of the total ; more males than females were affected, and the male - to - female ratio was 1.76： 1. Epidemics started in May, peaked in August and September and declined from October; cases in August and September accounted for 85.15% of the total. Conclusion The onset of the epidemic encephalitis B in Gaoping District of Nanchong City has shown remarkable seasonality （August and September） , and the onset age is below 10 years old in most cases. The effective prevention and control measures of epidemic encephalitis B include vaccination and cutting off the route of transmission （mosquito eradication ）; meanwhile, supervision over and management of environmental hygiene and monitoring of and early warning against epidemics should be enhanced.