近十年修辞构式研究概观及再探讨

An Overview and Further Study on Ten Years Research on “Rhetoric Construction”

近十年修辞构式的研究主要在语法构式框架中展开,修辞构式在本质上基本被认为是"语法构式"的补充,或者说"修辞构式"和"语法构式"存在互补关系。主流研究着眼于修辞与语法可能的因果联结,寻找构式框架中修辞的表现、修辞与语法的触碰点、修辞在构式框架中的心理认知特点以及构式框架中修辞与语法的错位等。本文认为"修辞"研究应该有其本体论基础,对"修辞"的探究也应该从发现其概念本质的角度去切入和展开,不应简单地将"修辞"归入"句法"或"语用"概念域里探讨。从狭义的语句修辞看,不对称性如动词题元结构或数目的不对称、题元结构和句法结构的不对称、词汇义与世界知识的不对称、词性与句法功能的不对称等是"修辞"产生的源动力。要形成有效的"修辞",语句必须要在"修辞功能"的促动下,使"未修辞体"和"修辞体"在"修辞界面"经过"修辞义"的"相似性"检验才能成功。"修辞构式"是上述"修辞"理论基础上的"修辞义"和"修辞形式"的结合体。"语法构式"是形成"修辞"的必要因素,"修辞构式"则是"修辞"形成后的形式意义有效联结的体现。推而广之,从广义修辞上看,不对称性和相似性之间的张力作用,是包括语言修辞在内的所有修辞成功与否的根本因素。

The study of rhetoric construction in the last ten years is mainly carried out in the framework of syntactic construction,the rhetoric construction is essentially regarded as a supplement to the syntactic construction,or the relationship between the former and the latter is complementary. We think,the exploration of rhetoric should be based on the discovery of its conceptual essence. Rhetoric should not be simply classified as " syntax" or " pragmatics". In the narrow sense of sentence rhetoric,asymmetries such as asymmetric verb argument structure or number,the asymmetry of the argument structure and syntactic structure,the asymmetry of lexical meaning and world knowledge,asymmetry between part of speech and syntactic function and so on are the source of rhetoric. To form the good rhetoric,sentences must be promoted by the rhetoric function and be checked by rhetoric meaning on the interface which is constructed by "no-rhetoric objects"and "rhetoric objects". This discussion and the current academic study of construction of rhetoric stay at two different levels. The grammatical construction is a necessary factor to form rhetoric. The construction of rhetoric is the effective connection of language form and its meaning after the formation of rhetoric. In the broad sense of rhetoric,the tension between asymmetry and similarity is the fundamental factor in the success or failure of any rhetoric,including language.