猪黏膜免疫:前景与挑战

Mucosal vaccination in pigs:prospects and challenges

呼吸道和消化道黏膜是大多数病原微生物入侵机体的门户。通过黏膜免疫建立局部免疫力可直接切断病原微生物的入侵途径。近几年由黏膜入侵引起的猪传染病越来越多,给我国养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,猪黏膜免疫研究倍受关注。本文首先介绍了口服免疫和鼻腔免疫的特点和挑战,然后针对这些挑战对疫苗设计的进展进行了概述。应用免疫增强剂和抗原递送载体可有效提高口服抗原的效果,口服免疫和鼻腔免疫是预防猪传染病有效的免疫途径。本文为有效设计猪黏膜疫苗提供了合理的建议和策略。

The respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract is one of the main entry sites for most pathogens.Mucosal delivery of vaccines could cut off the entering route of pathogens if the local immunity is established.The mucosal vaccination has gained more and more attention since majority of swine infectious diseases are caused by mucosa invasion.Firstly the advantages and challenges of oral vaccination and nasal vaccination were put forward.Then the advances of vaccination designs were described for the challenges.The efficiency of oral immunization could be improved by mucosal immunostimulants and antigen delivery system.Both nasal immunization and oral immunization are the routes to prevent infectious diseases in pigs.In summary the review provided an effective strategy to design mucosal vaccines in pig.