幼儿园非结构性减灾能力的合法性危机与治理研究——基于江苏省100所幼儿园的调查

The Legitimacy Crisis and Governance of the Non-structural Mitigation Capacity of Kindergartens——Based on an Investigation of 100 Kindergartens in Jiangsu Province

随着国家对应急管理工作重视程度的提高,我国幼儿园在结构性减灾方面明显改善,但非结构性减灾能力建设仍然存在大量薄弱环节,其中合法性危机就是一个尚未引起足够重视的问题。合法性问题事关幼儿园减灾能力的社会认同感和公众参与度,决定着幼儿园非结构减灾的有效性,既是幼儿园危机管理的基础性问题,同时也是幼儿园危机管理的终极问题。通过对江苏省不同地区100所幼儿园的调研发现,幼儿园非结构性减灾的合法性危机主要表现在责任主体不明确、减灾工具形式化,以及缺乏社会力量支持等方面。需要从政府、幼儿园、其他社会力量三个层面着手,使非结构性减灾能力与合法性达到动态平衡,从而为我国幼儿园的危机管理提供行动指南。

As the government attaches more importance to the emergency management,the structural mitigation has improved significantly in kindergartens,but there are still a large number of weak links,among which the legitimacy crisis is a problem that has not yet given enough attention.Legitimacy is related to the social recognition of and public participation in the disaster mitigation ability of kindergartens,which determines the effectiveness of the non-structural mitigation in kindergartens.Therefore,it is not only the basic issue but also the ultimate issue of kindergarten emergency management.Through the investigation of 100 kindergartens in different regions of Jiangsu province,it is found that the legitimacy crisis of non-structural mitigation capacity in kindergartens is mainly manifested in the following aspects：unclear subject of responsibility,ineffectiveness of mitigation tools,and the lack of social support,etc.The solution lies in the attention to the following three aspects：government,kindergarten and other social forces,meanwhile,there should be a dynamic balance of non-structural mitigation capacity and legitimacy,so as to provide guidance for the emergency management of kindergartens in China.