2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市)18～65岁居民水果摄入状况

Intake of fruits among Chinese adults aged 18-65 years old in 15 provinces,2015

目的评估我国成年居民水果日常摄入状况。方法从2015年"中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究"中选取同时有3天24小时膳食回顾法和食物频率(FFQ)法调查资料并满足要求的12 379名18~65岁成年人为研究对象,利用美国国家癌症研究院(NCI)建立的食物日常摄入量评估方法(简称NCI法),采用混合效应Logistic回归、线性回归分别建立我国成年居民水果日常消费概率和消费量的模型,评估我国成年居民水果日常摄入量,并描述水果日常摄入量的分布。结果 2015年我国15省成年居民水果消费率为40.2%,人均每日水果消费量中位数(四分位间距)为0(0,70.0)g/d。男性水果的消费频率达到每天一次及以上的人占17.4%,低于女性22.9%的水平。经过NCI法重新评估,我国成年居民日常水果消费率达98.7%,男性和女性分别为98.3%和99.1%;人群水果日常摄入量中位数(四分位间距)为6.4(3.2,58.3)g/d,其中男性为4.4(2.5,36.7)g/d,女性为9.0(4.1,78.6)g/d。结论经过NCI法调整,我国成年居民水果消费率大大提高,水果消费量的分布情况有所改善,但仍处于偏低水平,远未达到水果推荐摄入量的最低要求,需科学引导居民进行合理的水果消费。通过将反映个体水果长期消费频率的FFQ与反映个体短期水果消费量的膳食回顾法相结合,将水果的非消费者和未消费者进行分离,兼顾食物频率与消费量之间的相关性,NCI法能够对水果的日常摄入量进行重新估计。

Objective To evaluate the usual fruit intake of Chinese adults. Methods A total of 12 379 adults aged 18 to 65 years old with both 3 days 24 hours dietary recall data and FFQ data were chosen from China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study （2015）. The models of fruit consumption probability and amount for Chinese adults were fitted using the National Cancer Institute method （referred to as NCI）, to evaluate the fruit usual intake of Chinese adults, and to describe the distribution of the consumption. Results According to 3 consecutive days of 24 hours dietary recall, the probability of consumption of fruit among Chinese adults was 40.2% , the median of cosumption was 0（0,70.0） g/d. The frequency of fruit consumption greater than or equal to once a day was 17.4% in male, which was lower than that of 22.9% in female. According to the NCI method , the probability of fruit consumption among Chinese adults reached 98.7% , the fruit consumption probability in male was 98.3% , slightly lower than that of 99.1% in female ; the median of average daily consumption of fruit was 6.4（3.2,58.3 ） g/d, it was 4.4（2.5,36.7）g/din male, 9.0（4.1,78.6）g/d in female. Conclusion Through the NCI method, the rate of consumption of fruit among Chinese adults has been greatly improved. And the distribution of fruit consumption has been somewhat improved, but was still on the low level, far away from the lowest recommended intake. Some measures should be taken to guide reasonable fruit consumption behavior among Chinese residents. Meanwhile,by combining the FFQ method with dietary recall method, separating the non- consumers from the un-consumers, and taking into account the correlation between fruit consumption probability and amount, NCI method can reevaluate the usual intake of fruits.